Target background:
Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a ubiquitously expressed tumor suppressor which, in the cytoplasm, antagonizes the PI3K signaling pathway through its lipid phosphatase activity. Mutations of this gene are an important step in the development of many cancers since PTEN regulates essential cellular process such as growth and survival. PTEN is also found in the nucleus, and studies have demonstrated that its presence in the nucleus is regulated by SUMOylation and phosphorylation. Also, studies have showed that cells lacking nuclear PTEN are more sensitive to DNA damage.
Target alias:
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase
Recommend starting dilution:
If reconstituted with deionized water in 100 µl: WB 1:1000, IP 1:100, IHC 1:200. Optimal dilution has to be determined by the user.
References:
1.-Gimm O - Differential nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of PTEN in normal thyroid tissue, and benign and malignant epithelial thyroid tumors.
2.-Gimm O - Expression of the PTEN tumour suppressor protein during human development.
3.-Perren A - Immunohistochemical evidence of loss of PTEN expression in primary ductal adenocarcinomas of the breast.
Storage:
Lyophilized antibodies can be kept at 4ºC for up to 3 months and should be kept at -20ºC for long-term storage (2 years). To avoid freeze-thaw cycles, reconstituted antibodies should be aliquoted before freezing for long-term (1 year) storage (-80ºC) or kept at 4ºC for short-term usage (2 months). For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made with the assay buffer. After the maximum long-term storage period (2 years lyophilized or 1 year reconstituted) antibodies should be tested in your assay with a standard sample to verify if you have noticed any decrease in their efficacy.